Great White Throne Judgement

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There is a good deal of confusion regarding the judgments that follow death. Many people believe that Christians are not subject to any kind of judgment because all their sins have been covered by the blood of Christ, which is true. However, certain Bible verses declare that Christians will indeed be judged at what is called the Judgment Seat or Bema Seat of Christ. One such verse is Romans 14:10-12: 'For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God … So then each of us will give an account of himself to God.' Paul is speaking here to the Roman believers. He has a similar message to the believers in Corinth: 'For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil' (2 Corinthians 5:10). In the context, it is clear that in both incidents, Paul is addressing Christians, not unbelievers.

The Great White Throne Judgment is a trial, set in the future, for all people who have rejected God’s Call to salvation. Every person who has lived upon earth and has refused to accept God’s way to redemption from sin, will kneel before their Creator at this time, and acknowledge that He is God–that Jesus.

Unlike the Great White Throne judgment of unbelievers, the Judgment Seat of Christ is not for the purpose of condemnation. We know that believers cannot be punished for sin because Christ bore that punishment on the cross and 'There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus' (Romans 8:1). Rather than a judgment of condemnation or a determiner of salvation, there are two purposes for the Bema Seat. First, according to Romans 14:10-12, believers are to 'give an account' of ourselves to God. What kind of account will we have to give? According to 1 Corinthians 3:10-13, we will be judged based on what we have built upon the foundation which is Christ. We make choices throughout our lives as to the kind of things we add to the foundation of our salvation. Have we built upon the Rock with gold, silver and precious stones—those things that last for eternity—or with wood, hay, and stubble which will be burned up. Have we rejoiced in trials so that our faith is proved genuine to the glory of God (1 Peter 1:6-7)? Have we escaped the 'corruption that is in the world' (2 Peter 1:4) or have we succumbed to 'the lust of the eyes, the lust of the flesh and the pride of life' that characterizes the love for this world which is passing away (1 John 2:16-17 NIV)? Have we controlled our tongues (James 3:1-9)? These are the kinds of things that will be exposed at the Bema Seat.
A second function of the Judgment Seat of Christ is that of God rewarding us for our service and good deeds. Believers will receive 'crowns' for different things based on how faithfully we have served Christ. Among the crowns we will receive are an 'imperishable crown' for faithful endurance through trials (1 Corinthians 9:24-25); a 'crown of rejoicing' which Paul speaks of as the presence in heaven of others in whom we have invested ourselves as he did (1 Thessalonians 2:19); a 'crown of righteousness' for our faith in Him as our only source of righteousness (2 Timothy 4:8); a 'crown of glory' with which we will participate in the glory of God (Romans 8:18; 2 Corinthians 4:17); and the 'crown of life' which is the promise of eternal life through Christ (1 John 2:25; James 1:12).
Unlike the Great White Throne judgment, the Judgment Seat of Christ will be a time a great rejoicing for believers, those who have waited patiently for the day when we will hear those precious words from our Savior, 'Well done, good and faithful servant' (Matthew 25:21).

Bible Question:

White

In Matthew 25:31, does the dividing of the sheep and goats take place on earth when Christ comes back? Or, does this happen at the great white throne judgment? It sounds like it happens on earth just prior to the 1,000 year reign of Christ.

Bible Answer:

Matthew 25:31-46 describes the sheep and goat judgment.

But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne. And all the nations will be gathered before Him; and He will separate them from one another, as the shepherd separates the sheep from the goats; and He will put the sheep on His right, and the goats on the left. Matthew 25:31-33 (NASB)

Jesus’ Second Coming

Scripture teaches that at sometime in the future, a period of great distress will occur on this earth. It is called the Tribulation. The study Prophecy of The Future provides an explanation of the timeline of future events such as the Rapture, the Tribulation, the millennial kingdom, and heaven. Earlier in Matthew 24:29-31, Jesus told us that His return comes after the Tribulation.

But immediately after the tribulation of those days THE SUN WILL BE DARKENED, AND THE MOON WILL NOT GIVE ITS LIGHT, AND THE STARS WILL FALL from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken, and then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the SON OF MAN COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF THE SKY with power and great glory. And He will send forth His angels with A GREAT TRUMPET and THEY WILL GATHER TOGETHER His elect from the four winds, from one end of the sky to the other. Matthew 24:29-31 (NASB)

When Christ returns to earth in the future, He brings those Christians who were raptured before the tribulation ( 1 Thessalonians 4:14-18; Revelation 3:5; 19:7, 14) within Him to the battle of Armageddon (Revelation 19:7-21).

Sheep & Goat Judgment

After the battle Armageddon Jesus tells us that He will place the sheep, Christians, on His right and non-Christians on His left (Matthew 25:31-46). Those who are placed on His right will go into the millennial kingdom (Matthew 25:34). This kingdom starts as an earthly kingdom and one-thousand years later transitions into a heavenly kingdom (Revelation 20:2, 4-5; Revelation 21:5-7; 1 John 5;5 and Revelation 2:11). Those on His left will go into eternal punishment which is hell or the Lake of Fire (Matthew 25:46).

Some have said the goat and sheep judgment occurs immediately at Jesus’ Second Coming. Others believe it occurs at the Great White Throne. This difference of opinion occurs because of one’s view of the end times held by dispensationalists and non-dispensationalists (amillennialists and postmillennialists). Non-dispensationalists say Matthew 25:31-46 is the Great White Throne judgment. But there are several reasons why this cannot be true.

Great White Throne Judgement Images

First, if the non-dispensationalists are correct that the sheep and goat judgment occurs at the Great White Throne judgment, then everyone should be sent to the lake of fire, according to Revelation 20:11-15. Even the sheep should be sent into eternal punishment since everyone who stands before God at the Great White judgment goes to eternal punishment or the Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:5-6, 14-15). But this cannot be true since earlier in Revelation 20:4-6 the Holy Spirit has told us that those who are resurrected earlier – the first resurrection – will not be subject to the “second death.” There are two different resurrections and two different judgments in Revelation 20:4-6, 11-15.

And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given to them. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony of Jesus and because of the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or his image, and had not received the mark upon their forehead and upon their hand; and they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were completed. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; over these the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years. Revelation 20:4-6 (NASB)

And I saw a great white throne and Him who sat upon it, from whose presence earth and heaven fled away, and no place was found for them . . . And the sea gave up the dead which were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them; and they were judged, every one of them according to their deeds. And death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. Revelation. 20:11, 13-14 (NASB)

Second, in Matthew 25:31 Jesus sits on a glorious throne and in Revelation 20:11 Jesus sits on a great white throne, which is a throne of judgment. The first throne, the glorious throne, is a time of victory and the second is a sober time.

Finally, the sheep and goat judgment is for those who are living (Matthew 25:31). In Revelation 20:4-15, there are two resurrections – for dead people. At the end of Revelation 19:20-2, we find that living persons who received the mark of the beast and who worshipped his image will be immediately judged. This is the time of the Sheep and Goat judgment will occur.

And the beast was seized, and with him the false prophet who performed the signs in his presence, by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image; these two were thrown alive into the lake of fire which burns with brimstone. Revelation 19:20 (NASB)

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Conclusion:

Yes, the sheep and goat judgment occurs on earth just before the 1,000 year reign of Christ. Scripture teaches that there are three judgments: Bema Seat judgment, Sheep and Goat Judgment, and the Great White Throne judgment. The Bema Seat judgment is for all Christians. The Goat and Sheep judgment separates the living saints from those who are not. The saints enter the Kingdom both those who were resurrected and those who were still living at the end of the Tribulation. The Great White Throne judgment is for all dead non-Christians.

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